肖像画,大家都可以找个画家,替自己、家人画一下。但究竟怎样的肖像画,才能以US$1,000万(RMB 6,600万)的高价成交?画中所绘之物又有何寓意?今日的古典大师油画学堂,就用5分钟去探讨这样的一幅16世纪肖像画。
《在桌旁玩双陆棋的夫妇半身像》|US$10,036,000成交
画家范‧赫莫森签名所在
16世纪的「法兰德斯画派」
画作名曰《在桌旁玩双陆棋的夫妇半身像》,出自16世纪画家范‧赫莫森(Jan Sanders van Hemessen,1504-1556)之手,刚刚在纽约佳士得拍卖,US$400万- 600万估价,终以US$860万落槌,连佣逾US$1,000万成交。 1.2米阔、1.1米高,以肖像画来说,尺幅不小。
范‧赫莫森属于「法兰德斯画派」(Flemish Painting)。大体来说,画派以安特卫普为中心,包括今日的比利时、卢森堡、法国东北部地区,于15-17世纪达至巅峰,与同期的荷兰黄金时代艺术分庭抗礼。
夫妇俩在阳光充沛的舒适房间内玩「双陆棋」
今日的「双陆棋」
从恶欲到两性挑逗 双陆棋的象征
画面夫妇穿着高贵入时,在阳光充沛的舒适房间内玩「双陆棋」。虽然真正身份以无从考证,但必定拥有优越社会地位。画作寓意,正正从这种有几千年历史的对奕游戏中体现。
中世纪开始,双陆棋便出现在欧洲绘画,尤其是宗教作品当中,当时多是象征人性的恶与欲。至15世纪,双陆棋渐渐失去了以往浓厚的道德寓意。以15世纪中叶的法国祈祷书为例,双陆棋更像是一种异性互动的方式,多了一丝男女诱惑,双性挑逗的意味。
今次的这幅双人肖像,很可能是画中人为庆祝成婚而委托绘制,呼应十六世纪欧洲盛行的两性之争潮流。夫妇俩并排而坐,脸容和譪,虽然在对奕,却看不到竞技争胜的紧张。两人深情对望,妻子的手轻搭丈夫肩上,显示出深厚感情。
画中静物亦为场景赋予多层意义。以桌上小刀和柑橘为例,象征爱情、婚姻、丰饶。在15、16世纪的欧洲,柑橘代表酸甜的爱情,是两性关系之催化剂,把两个人紧密联系在一起。
画中静物为场景赋予多层意义
16世纪初以「圣母、圣子」为主题的画作,前景桌上常放有象征性物品。图为克利夫(Joos van Cleve )《圣母及圣子》,绘于1512-13年|纽约 大都会艺术博物馆
水果的寓意 爱情酸甜与类堕落
贴近画面的水果充满宗教含义,令人想起16世纪初以「圣母、圣子」为主题的画作。这些画作的前景桌上常放有象征性物品:苹果寓意人类堕落,樱桃象征天堂,葡萄代表基督教圣餐,胡桃则与耶稣紧紧相连。
如此画作,也令人不期然想起另外两位古典大师。首先是「双人肖像画鼻祖」扬·凡·艾克(Jan Van Eyck,1390-1441),代表作《阿诺菲尼的婚礼》绘于1434年,以别出心裁的手法,配合复杂隐含意义,展现画中人圣洁的婚姻。另一位是马西斯(Quentin Massys,1466-1530),观其双人肖像作《银钱兑换商夫妇》,也有可能是范‧赫莫森的灵感来源。
扬·凡·艾克(Jan Van Eyck,1390-1441)《阿诺菲尼的婚礼》|伦敦 国家画廊
马西斯(Quentin Massys,1466-1530)《银钱兑换商夫妇》|巴黎 卢浮宫
纽约佳士得|古典大师绘画 成交五强
范‧赫莫森(Jan Sanders van Hemessen,1504-1556)《在桌旁玩双陆棋的夫妇半身像》Double portrait of a husband and wife, half-length, seated at a table, playing tables
拍品编号:7
尺寸:111.1 x 127.9cm
来源:
- (Probably) acquired by Alexander William Crawford Lindsay, 25th Earl of Crawford and 8th Earl of Balcarres (1812-1880), and by inherence at Haigh Hall, Wigan, Lancashire and elsewhere to
- Mary, Countess of Crawford and Balcarres (1903-1994); Christie’s, London, 6 July 1984, lot 106, where acquired by the present owner
估价:US$4,000,000 - 6,000,000
落槌价:US$8,600,000
成交价:US$10,036,000
安尼巴尔‧卡拉奇(Annibale Carracci,约1560-1609)《圣母子与圣露西及施洗者圣约翰》 The Madonna and Child with Saint Lucy and the Young Saint John the Baptist
拍品编号:26
尺寸:78.8 x 62.7cm
来源:
- Sampieri collection, Bologna, possibly by the 1760s, from where acquired by Gavin Hamilton (1723-1798)
- Francis Basset (1757-1835), 1st Baron de Dunstanville and Basset, Tehidy, near Cambourne, Cornwall; Christie's, London, 8 May 1824, lot 41, as Ludovico Carracci (bought in), and by descent to his daughter,
- Frances Basset (1751-1855), 2nd Baroness Basset, by descent to the son of her cousin,
- John Francis Basset (1831-1869), by descent to
- Arthur Francis Basset (b. 1873), Tehidy near Cambourne, Cornwall; Christie's, London, 9 January 1920, lot 88, as Ludovico Carracci (12 gns. to Everitt)
- Anonymous sale; Phillips, London, 8 December 1987, lot 69, as Sisto Badalocchio, where acquired by the present owner
估价:US$3,000,000 - 5,000,000
落槌价:US$5,100,000
成交价:US$6,063,500
莫纳克(Lorenzo Monaco,约1370-1425)《先知以赛亚》The Prophet Isaiah
拍品编号:10
直径:19.7cm
来源:
- Probably the Church of San Procolo, Florence, for the altar endowed by Antonio di Andrea del Pannocchia (died 1412/13), until the church was suppressed in 1778 (thought to be the original location of the Accademia Annunciation altarpiece to which this tondo belonged )
- (Possibly) the Badia Fiorentina, Florence, by 1795 and before 1810 (where, according to a label on the reverse, the Annunciation altarpiece was found)
- Alexis-François Artaud de Montor (1772-1849), Paris; (†) his sale, Schroth, Paris, 17 January 1851, lot 51
- Anonymous sale; Sotheby's, London, 8 July 1987, lot 20, where acquired by the present owner
估价:US$1,500,000 - 2,500,000
落槌价:US$3,000,000
成交价:US$3,615,000
雅克・路易・大卫(Jacques-Louis David,1748-1825)《颁赐军团鹰旗》(草图)The Distribution of the Eagle Standards
拍品编号:45
尺寸:54 x 85.2cm
来源(经The Value整理):
- Private collection, France
- Anonymous sale; Millon, Hôtel Drouot, 22 March 2017, lot 53(€7,800成交,即HK$65,000)
- Art market, Paris, where acquired by a private collector, London, 2017, from whom acquired by the present owner
估价:US$1,500,000 - 2,500,000
落槌价:US$2,100,000
成交价:US$2,535,000
圭尔奇诺(Guercino,1591-1666)《书上放有骷髅头、沙漏和两瓶花的虚空静物画》A vanitas still life with a skull atop a book, an hourglass and two glass vases of flowers
拍品编号:45
尺寸:30.8 x 38.5cm
来源:
- Church of the Santissima Trinità dei Cappuccini, Cento, Italy
- (Possibly) Bolognini-Amorini collection, Bologna, 19th century
- Private collection, Zurich, where acquired by the present owner
估价:US$2,000,000 - 3,000,000
落槌价:US$2,000,000
成交价:US$2,415,000
拍卖总结
拍卖行:纽约佳士得
专场:古典大师绘画
拍卖日期:2019/5/1
拍品数目:45
成交:33
未成交:12
成交率:73%
成交总额:US$32,982,250